前言：

• 环境配置：windows64、python3.4
• requests库基本操作：

1、安装：pip install requests

2、功能：使用 requests 发送网络请求，可以实现跟浏览器一样发送各种HTTP请求来获取网站的数据。

3、命令集操作：

import requests  # 导入requests模块r = requests.get("https://api.github.com/events")  # 获取某个网页# 设置超时，在timeout设定的秒数时间后停止等待响应r2 = requests.get("https://api.github.com/events", timeout=0.001)payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}r1 = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)print(r.url)  # 打印输出urlprint(r.text)  # 读取服务器响应的内容print(r.encoding)  # 获取当前编码print(r.content)  # 以字节的方式请求响应体print(r.status_code)  # 获取响应状态码print(r.status_code == requests.codes.ok)  # 使用内置的状态码查询对象print(r.headers)  # 以一个python字典形式展示的服务器响应头print(r.headers['content-type'])  # 大小写不敏感，使用任意形式访问这些响应头字段print(r.history)  # 是一个response对象的列表print(type(r))  # 返回请求类型

• BeautifulSoup4库基本操作：

1、安装：pip install BeautifulSoup4

2、功能：Beautiful Soup 是一个可以从HTML或XML文件中提取数据的Python库。

3、命令集操作：

1 import requests 2 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  3 html_doc = """ 4  5  6 
The Dormouse's story
 7  8 
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were 9 Elsie,10 Lacie and11 Tillie;12 and they lived at the bottom of a well.
13 14 
...
15 """16 17 ss = BeautifulSoup(html_doc,"html.parser")18 print (ss.prettify())  #按照标准的缩进格式的结构输出19 print(ss.title)   # 20 print(ss.title.name)   #title21 print(ss.title.string)   #The Dormouse's story22 print(ss.title.parent.name)   #head23 print(ss.p)   #
The Dormouse's story
24 print(ss.p['class'])   #['title']25 print(ss.a)   #Elsie26 print(ss.find_all("a"))   #[。。。]29 print(ss.find(id = "link3"))   #Tillie30 31 for link in ss.find_all("a"):32     print(link.get("link")) #获取文档中所有标签的链接33 34 print(ss.get_text()) #从文档中获取所有文字内容

1 import requests 2 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 3  4 html_doc = """ 5  6  7 
The Dormouse's story
 8 
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were 9 Elsie,10 Lacie and11 Tillie;12 and they lived at the bottom of a well.
13 14 
...
15 """ 16 soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser')  # 声明BeautifulSoup对象17 find = soup.find('p')  # 使用find方法查到第一个p标签18 print("find's return type is ", type(find))  # 输出返回值类型19 print("find's content is", find)  # 输出find获取的值20 print("find's Tag Name is ", find.name)  # 输出标签的名字21 print("find's Attribute(class) is ", find['class'])  # 输出标签的class属性值22 23 print(find.string)  # 获取标签中的文本内容24 25 markup = "
      "26 soup1 = BeautifulSoup(markup, "html.parser")27 comment = soup1.b.string28 print(type(comment))  # 获取注释中内容

• 小试牛刀：

1 import requests2 import io3 import sys4 sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer,encoding='gb18030') #改变标准输出的默认编码5 6 r = requests.get('https://unsplash.com') #像目标url地址发送get请求，返回一个response对象7 8 print(r.text) #r.text是http response的网页HTML

 

参考链接：

https://blog.csdn.net/u012662731/article/details/78537432

http://www.cnblogs.com/Albert-Lee/p/6276847.html

https://blog.csdn.net/enohtzvqijxo00atz3y8/article/details/78748531